01 - Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line three 8-inch round cake pans with parchment paper.
02 - In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.
03 - In a large bowl, beat butter and sugar on medium-high speed until pale and fluffy, about 3-4 minutes. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Mix in lemon zest and vanilla extract.
04 - Add flour mixture in three additions, alternating with buttermilk and lemon juice. Begin and end with flour mixture. Mix until just combined, being careful not to overmix.
05 - Divide batter evenly among prepared pans. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until a wooden toothpick inserted in center comes out clean. Cool in pans for 10 minutes, then invert onto wire racks to cool completely.
06 - Whisk eggs and sugar in a heatproof bowl. Stir in lemon juice and zest. Set bowl over a saucepan of simmering water, making sure water doesn't touch bowl. Whisk constantly until mixture thickens and coats back of spoon, about 10 minutes. Remove from heat and whisk in butter until melted. Strain through fine-mesh sieve. Cover surface directly with plastic wrap and refrigerate until set, about 1 hour.
07 - Beat butter on medium speed until creamy and smooth, about 2 minutes. Gradually add powdered sugar on low speed, then increase to medium and beat until light and fluffy. Add lemon juice, lemon zest, salt, and 1 tablespoon milk. Add additional milk as needed to reach spreadable consistency.
08 - Place one cake layer on serving plate. Spread thin layer of buttercream over top. Pipe a ring of buttercream around outer edge to create a dam. Spread half of lemon curd inside ring. Repeat with second cake layer, remaining curd, and third layer. Frost top and sides of cake with remaining buttercream. Decorate with additional lemon zest or fresh lemon slices if desired.